国务院办公厅转发国家经委、经贸部、国家商检局关于加强出口商品质量管理工作意见的通知(附英文)
国务院办公厅
国务院办公厅转发国家经委、经贸部、国家商检局关于加强出口商品质量管理工作意见的通知(附英文)
国务院办公厅
国务院同意国家经委、经贸部、国家商检局《关于加强出口商品质量管理工作的意见》，现转发给你们，请结合实际情况，认真贯彻执行。
加强出口商品质量管理，是提高经济效益、增加出口创汇的关键。近年来，我国部分出口商品质量下降，不但造成经济损失，影响出口创汇，而且有损于国家信誉。各地区、各有关部门对此要给予高度重视，采取有力措施，尽快扭转这种状况，把出口商品质量搞上去。
关于加强出口商品质量管理工作的意见
一、清理和整顿出口商品的生产厂点
各地区、各部门要对所有生产出口商品的企业进行一次全面清理和整顿，择优定点。凡不具备质量保证的企业，不准生产出口商品。
重点清理、整顿出口商品质量管理较差、生产加工厂点过多、质量问题较多的行业。
二、加强出口商品生产企业的质量管理和检验工作
（一）在生产企业中，对出口商品的质量，厂长（经理）要全面负责。
（二）出口专业厂、出口生产基地和重要出口商品生产企业，可设总质量师。总质量师协助厂长全面负责产品质量的检验和管理工作，有权代表厂长停止不合格出口商品的生产和出厂。
（三）在重要出口商品生产企业，试行国家商检部门派驻质量监督员制度（简称驻厂员制度）。驻厂员代表国家对生产企业的出口商品质量和检验工作进行监督，有权对出口商品使用的原材料、零部件和成品进行检验、抽查或复验。驻厂员如发现出口商品不合格，有权停止出口商品出
厂，并可通知外贸经营单位不予收购。
（四）所有出口商品生产企业，都要推行全面质量管理，健全质量责任制，加强检验工作，制订严格的工艺规程和劳动纪律。尽快建立和完善出口商品生产企业的质量保证体系。
三、加强出口商品质量的监督和检验
（一）一切出口商品都必须经过检验。不合格的商品（包括包装不合格）不准出厂，外贸经营单位不得收购，商检部门不予出证放行。
（二）逐步充实商检部门的力量，完善出口商品检验手段。
（三）商检部门要会同有关主管部门加快对重要出口商品发放出口商品质量许可证的工作。凡是实行出口商品质量许可证的商品，未取得出口商品质量许可证的，经贸主管部门不能签发出口许可证。
（四）经贸主管部门要加强对外贸经营单位的监督、检查，督促外贸经营单位加强质量管理工作，健全验收制度，增强验收力量，切实做到择优安排出口生产，择优收购商品，坚持质量第一、以质取胜的经营方针。凡不具备外贸经营条件的单位，经贸主管部门有权取消其外贸经营资格
，并通知工商行政管理部门吊销其营业执照。严禁违反国家规定，通过非正常渠道或采取不正当手段出口商品。
四、要把提高出口商品质量，作为企业技术进步工作的重点
各地区、各部门要根据外贸出口的战略需要，以提高产品质量、增加创汇为重点，调整技术进步的投资结构和方向，将出口商品的重点生产企业、专业厂与生产基地的技术改造、科技攻关、技术引进、测试检验、扩大生产、降低消耗等各方面的措施衔接起来。大力改善出口商品仓储条
件，减少商品的污染和损坏。
五、明确出口商品的质量责任
为了保证出口商品的质量，各有关单位和部门都要有明确的责任和制度。出口商品因质量问题造成经济损失或产生不良影响时，必须分清生产加工企业、外贸经营单位、仓储运输单位、商检部门和其他有关部门的责任。凡属渎职、失职造成的质量事故，要追究责任者和有关领导者的责
任，并严肃处理。
六、进一步改善出口商品的包装
中国包装进出口总公司要会同中国包装总公司，进一步研究制订改进出口商品包装的方案、计划和措施。当前要解决好出口食品、饮料、烟叶、罐头、五金、机械、陶瓷、纺织品、服装、棉花和危险品的包装，协调落实包装生产厂点和原材料供应，健全包装质量标准，加强质量管理、
检验和监督工作。
七、加强出口商品的标准化工作，改善口岸的计量条件
（一）标准、商检和经贸部门要会同各主管部门，加快制定和修订出口商品标准及出口检验标准。
（二）运输主管部门要会同商检和计量部门共同研究提出改进口岸计量条件的方案，纳入运输主管部门和有关地区技术改造规划，三年内基本改善口岸计量条件。
八、加强出口商品商标和出口专利产品的管理
（一）对名牌出口商品商标的使用，经贸和工商行政管理部门要共同进行一次清理整顿，加强管理，保护名牌出口商品。
（二）未经上级主管机关批准或专利权人同意，生产企业和外贸经营单位不得生产和经营出口专利产品。
（三）对国内外假冒我国出口商品商标、仿制我出口专利产品和伪造我商检证书的侵权、违法行为，要坚决查处、及时起诉，维护企业和我国的合法权益。
上述意见，如无不妥，请批转各地区、各部门贯彻执行。(附英文)
CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL ON THE TRAN-SMISSION OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS SUBMITTED BY THE STATE ECONOMIC COM-MISSION, THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE, AND THESTATE BUREAU OF IMPORT AND
EXPORT COMMODITIES INSPECTION CONCERNING THESTRENGTHENIN
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL ON THE TRAN-
SMISSION OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS SUBMITTED BY THE STATE ECONOMIC COM-
MISSION, THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE, AND THE
STATE BUREAU OF IMPORT AND EXPORT COMMODITIES INSPECTION CONCERNING THE
STRENGTHENING OF QUALITY CONTROL OF EXPORT COMMODITIES
(April 29, 1987)
The State Council has accepted The Recommendations Concerning the
Strengthening of Quality Control of Export Commodities, submitted by the
State Economic Commission, the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and
Trade, and the State Bureau of Import and Export Commodities Inspection.
The Recommendations are hereby transmitted to you, and you are requested
to implement them conscientiously in light of the actual conditions in
your spheres of activities.
The strengthening of quality control of export commodities is the key to
increasing economic returns as well as foreign exchange earnings. In
recent years, the quality of some of our country's export commodities has
shown a decline, which has not only caused economic losses and affected
foreign exchange earnings by exports, but also marred the reputation of
our country. All the localities and departments concerned shall give the
amplest attention to this state of affairs, take effective measures to
remedy it quickly so as to upgrade the quality of our export commodities.
RECOMMENDATIONS SUBMITTED BY THE STATE ECONOMIC COMMISSION, THE MINISTRY
OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE, AND THE STATE BUREAU OF IMPORT
AND EXPORT COMMODITIES INSPECTION CONCERNING THE STRENGTHENING OF QUALITY
CONTROL OF EXPORT COMMODITIES
(Extracts)
In recent years, the quality of some of our country's export commodities
has shown a decline, which has not only caused economic losses and had an
unfavourable impact on the foreign exchange earnings by exports, but also
marred the reputation of our country. In order to rapidly remedy this
situation and to strengthen quality control of our export commodities, we
hereby submit, on the basis of the investigations and studies of the
aforesaid situation and the opinions solicited from all localities and
departments concerned, the following recommendations:
I. Checking up and Rectifying Factories to be Designated as Export
Commodities Manufacturers
All the localities and departments concerned must carry out an all-round
checking-up on, and rectification of, all the enterprises that are
manufacturing export commodities and then designate from among them the
most outstanding ones as manufacturers of commodities for export. Those
enterprises found to be lacking the conditions for guaranteeing the
quality of their products shall not be permitted to manufacture
commodities for export. The State Economic Commission, the Ministry of
Foreign Economic Relations and Trade, and the State Bureau of Import and
Export Commodities Inspection shall jointly be responsible for the
checking-up and rectification in conjunction with other competent organs
concerned. The checking-up and rectification shall be focused on those
industries whose quality control over export commodities is comparatively
poor, whose number of factories designated for producing and processing
export commodities is too large, and whose quality problems are numerous.
II. Strengthening the Quality Control and Inspection Work in Enterprises
Producing Export Commodities
(1) In production enterprises, the factory director (the manager) shall
take overall responsibility for quality of export commodities.
(2) In factories specially engaged in the production of export
commodities, the production bases of export commodities, and the
enterprises producing import and export commodities, the post of chief
quality controller may be set up. The chief quality controller shall
assist the factory director in taking the overall responsibility for
inspecting and controlling the quality of products, for implementing the
Regulations on the Responsibility for Quality Control of Industrial
Products, for organizing the formulation and implementation of the rules
for reward and penalty relating to the quality of products, and for making
the decision, on behalf of the factory director, to stop the production
and delivery out of the factory of sub-standard export commodities.
(3) In enterprises producing important export commodities, the system of
having a resident quality supervisor stationed in the enterprise and sent
by the State commodities inspection department (referred to, for short, as
"the resident supervisor system") shall be implemented on a trial basis.
The resident supervisor shall, in the name of the State, exercise
supervision over the quality and inspection of the production enterprise's
export commodities, and have the right to inspect, to spot check, or to
re-inspect the finished products, or the raw and processed materials, or
spare parts and components, used in manufacturing export commodities. In
case where the resident supervisor discovers that the export commodities
are not up to the standard, he/she has the right to stop the delivery out
of the factory of the export commodities, and may ask the foreign trade
corporations not to purchase the said export commodities. The production
enterprise shall provide the resident supervisor with working conditions,
the data of quality, and relevant technical documents for carrying out
quality inspection; and it shall also inspect, spot check, or re-inspect
its products, as required by the resident supervisor. The resident
supervisors shall be personnel of the State commodities inspection
departments, and their salaries, bonuses and welfare benefits shall all be
borne by the sending department so that no direct economic connections
shall exist between the resident supervisors and the production
enterprise.
(4) All the production enterprises manufacturing export commodities shall
implement an all-round quality control, strengthen and perfect the quality
responsibility system, strengthen inspection work, and work out strict
technological processes and labour discipline. The factory director shall
appoint a person who has technical know-how, experience and strong sense
of responsibility, as head of the inspection department, and this
appointment shall be reported to the authorities in charge of the
enterprise for the record. No department or individual within the
enterprise shall be permitted to interfere with the work conducted by the
inspection department, and its independence in performing its functions
shall be guaranteed. It is imperative to establish and perfect, as soon as
possible, the quality guarantee system in enterprises producing export
commodities.
III. Strengthening the Supervision and Inspection of the Quality of Export
Commodities
All export commodities must undergo the process of inspection. Commodities
that are not up to the standard (including those whose packaging is not up
to the standard) shall not be permitted to leave the factory; the foreign
trade corporations shall not be permitted to purchase such commodities;
and the commodities inspection department shall not issue export licence
and grant clearance.
The working contingent of the commodities inspection department shall be
reinforced gradually, and the means of inspection of export commodities be
perfected. The commodities inspection department shall, in conjunction
with the competent authorities concerned, speed up the work for issuing
quality licenses for important export commodities. With respect to those
commodities to which the system of quality licence for export commodities
applies, the competent authorities for foreign economic relations and
trade shall not issue for them export licences before they have obtained
quality licenses for export commodities.
The competent authorities for foreign economic relations and trade shall
strengthen their supervision over and inspection of foreign trade
corporations, and urge them to strengthen the work of quality control, to
improve examination-and-acceptance system, and reinforce the working
personnel for the system, to strive to do a good job in selecting
outstanding factories to manufacture commodities for export, to purchase
commodities from the factories that produce quality products, and to
adhere to the principle of "placing quality first, and winning over the
customers by offering them quality products". The competent authorities
for foreign economic relations and trade shall have the right to
disqualify those units which do not have the qualifications for doing
foreign trade business, and ask the administrative department for industry
and commerce to revoke their business licences. The exportation of
commodities through irregular channels or by using crooked means by
violation of the State provisions shall be strictly prohibited.
IV. Taking the Improvement of the Quality of Export Commodities as the
Focus of the Work of Technical Advancement
All the localities and departments shall, in accordance with the
requirements of the strategy of export and foreign trade, make adjustment
in the structure and the orientation of investment for technical
advancement, and link up the various measures adopted for technical
transformation, the tackling of difficult problems (in science and
technology), the importation of technology, testing and inspection, the
expansion of production, and the reduction in consumption of raw materials
and energy, at the key production enterprises, specialized factories, and
production bases for the manufacture of export commodities by taking the
improvement of the quality of products and the increases in foreign
exchange earnings as the focal point. Strenuous efforts shall be devoted
to the improvement of the warehousing and storage conditions for export
commodities, so as to reduce or eliminate the contamination of or damages
to export commodities.
V. Clearly Defining the Responsibility for the Quality of Export
Commodities
In order to guarantee the quality of export commodities, all units and
departments concerned must have both a clear-out definition of the job
responsibility and rules. If the poor quality of some export commodities
has resulted in economic losses or made a negative reflection on China's
reputation, it is imperative to check up on the responsibilities to be
borne by the production and processing enterprises, the foreign trade
corporations, the warehousing and storage units, the department for
commodities inspection, or other departments concerned. Cases of quality
problem caused by dereliction or neglect of one's duty shall be looked
into, and the person in charge as well as the leading personnel involved
shall be held responsible and be dealt with in all seriousness.
VI. Further Improving the Packing of Export Commodities
The China National Packing Import and Export Company shall, in cooperation
with the China National Packing Corporation, conduct further studies on,
and work out programs and measures for the improvement of the packing of
export commodities. Each year, efforts must be made to improve the packing
of certain categories of export commodities. At present, it is imperative
to improve the packing of foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco leaves, canned
foods, hardware, machinery, ceramics, textiles, garments, cotton, and
dangerous articles. The two companies shall coordinate the supply-and-
demand relationship between packing factories and packing material
suppliers, perfect the packing standards, and strengthen the work of
quality control, inspection and supervision.
VII. Strengthening the Standardization of Export Commodities, and
Improving the Conditions for Conducting Measurement at Ports
(1) The authorities of standardization of commodities inspection, and of
foreign economic relations and trade shall, in cooperation with various
competent organs, speed up the formulation and revision of the standards
for export commodities and inspection criteria.
(2) The competent authorities of transportation shall, in cooperation with
the authorities of commodities inspection and metrological authorities,
submit a plan to improve metrological conditions at ports and incorporate
it into the program for technological transformation of the competent
authorities of transportation and the interested localities so as to
improve basically the metrological conditions at ports within 3 years.
VIII. Strengthening the Administration of Trademarks of Export Commodities
and Patented Products
With respect to the use of trademarks for export commodities of famous
brands, the authorities of foreign economic relations and trade and the
administrative departments for industry and commerce shall jointly conduct
a checking-up and rectification campaign to strengthen the administration
and protect export commodities of famous brands. Without the approval of
the competent authorities at a higher level or without the consent of the
patentee, no production enterprises and foreign trade corporations may
produce patented products for export and engage in export of such
products. Cases occurring either at home or abroad of infringements or
illegal acts such as counterfeiting the trademarks of our export
commodities, imitating the patented commodities we export or forging our
export commodities inspection certificates shall be resolutely
investigated and dealt with, and the offenders shall even be prosecuted in
time so as to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of the enterprises
as well as of the State.
If no inappropriateness is found in the recommendations submitted above,
we request that they be approved and transmitted to all the localities and
departments for implementation.
1987年4月29日
杭州市科技发展计划项目立项管理实施细则（试行）
浙江省杭州市科学技术局
杭州市科技发展计划项目立项管理实施细则（试行）
第一章 总则
第一条 为保证杭州市科技发展计划项目(以下简称“计划项目”)立项过程的科学性和公正性，根据《杭州市科技计划与项目管理暂行办法》(以下简称“办法”)，制定本实施细则。
第二条 立项工作主要包括《杭州市科技发展计划项目重点领域年度指南》（以下简称“项目指南”）的制订与发布、项目受理、专家审查、联合审查、行政决策、项目公示、签订合同等程序。项目实行专家审查与行政决策相结合的立项审批制度，遵循科学决策、竞争择优、公正透明的原则。
第三条 杭州市科学技术局(以下简称“市科技局”)负责组织计划项目的立项工作。
第二章 《项目指南》的制订与发布
第四条 市科技局各业务处室在调研、召开专家座谈会、接受社会各界建议的基础上，于每年3月底前完成《项目指南》的起草工作。
第五条 《项目指南》草案经局业务处室与局计划财务处（以下简称“局计财处”）共同协商、修订后，报分管局长审核。
第六条 局计财处根据《项目指南》审核意见进行再次修订，形成下年度的《项目指南》，报局务会议审批后，于每年6月底前通过新闻媒体、互联网向社会公开发布。
第三章 项目受理
第七条 项目征集采取主动设计和公开征集相结合的方式：
（一）主动设计是指市科技局结合市经济、社会和科技发展中的重大共性技术和关键技术，通过调研提出选题意向，并组织相关单位起草《杭州市科技发展计划主动设计项目建议书》。主动设计项目原则上为招投标项目。招投标项目参照浙江省科技厅《关于〈科技项目招标投标管理暂行办法〉的实施意见（试行）》，并结合杭州市实际实施。
（二）公开征集是指市科技局通过发布《项目指南》，接受社会申报的项目。
第八条 申报项目由市科技局委托有关中介机构受理。中介机构按照申报要求，对申报项目进行受理形式审查，并对符合申报要求的项目进行分类、建库。
第四章 专家审查
第九条 专家审查包括专家评估、评审、咨询。进行专家审查的项目必须已通过受理形式审查。
第十条 建立由技术专家、经济专家、管理专家组成的项目审查专家库。专家审查采用同行评议的方式，按照所申报项目的学科领域，市科技局从所建立的专家库中随机抽取同行技术专家、经济专家、管理专家若干名，组成专家评审组。
第十一条 采用专家独立评估、评审的方式进行专家审查。专家组按照《杭州市科技发展计划项目专家审查表》（附件一），就项目的技术与经济方案、项目承担能力、经费预算和安排合理性等方面进行立项评估、评审，并提出具体的书面评估、评审意见。
第十二条 对评估、评审结果有较大争议的项目，可采用专家咨询的方式进行补充审查。
第十三条 参加计划项目专家审查工作的专家应具备以下条件：
（一） 具有对国家和项目申报单位（个人）负责的态度，有良好的职业道德，能客观、公正地对项目进行审查；
（二）对审查项目所属的技术领域有丰富的专业知识和实践经验，具有代表性和权威性；对该技术领域的发展和所涉及的经济、市场状况有较深的了解；
（三） 应具有高级专业技术职务（特殊情况下，可聘任具有中级专业技术职务的人员），年龄一般在60岁以下。
第十四条 为保证计划项目专家审查的公正性，审查工作实行回避制度。属下列情况之一时，专家应当回避：
（一） 专家所在部门申请的项目；
（二） 专家家庭成员或亲属为所审查项目申请部门的负责人；
（三） 项目负责人事先因正当理由而正式要求回避的专家；
（四） 其它有利益关系或应当回避的情况。
第十五条 市科技局尊重专家的审查结论意见，并对此给予保密。专家对所审查项目的技术、经济秘密和审查结论意见，负有不扩散的责任和义务。专家若有违反本实施细则有关条款规定的，市科技局有权取消其资格，并由其承担因此而产生的相关责任。
第十六条 市科技局将定期对参加专家审查工作的专家进行考核，对其工作进行综合评价，并对专家库实施动态管理，不断予以充实调整。
第五章 联合审查与行政决策
第十七条 市科技局各业务处室根据专家审查结论意见，结合杭州市产业政策、技术政策和申请单位的情况，对专家推荐项目进行初审。
第十八条 市科技局组织市科技计划项目联合审查小组（以下简称“联审小组”）对拟推荐项目进行联审。联审小组由市人大科教文卫委，市政协经科委，市计委，市财政局，市监察局，市农业、工业和社会发展领域的归口管理部门的领导，科技界的市人大代表、市政协委员，以及局领导和局有关业务处室负责人组成。联审过程邀请新闻单位代表参加。
联合审查原则上采用答辩的方式进行。拟推荐的重点项目，必须由项目承担单位进行答辩；拟推荐的主动设计项目，由提出该项目的业务处室进行答辩；拟推荐的一般项目，联审小组根据实际需要随机抽取，由项目承担单位进行答辩（参加答辩项目数为拟推荐项目数的10～20%）。联审小组按照《杭州市科技发展计划项目联合审查表》（附件二）分别就项目的技术水平，项目主体承担能力，产业化前景，经济、社会、环境效益等方面进行评审。
第十九条 按照专家审查意见（权重为60%）和联合审查意见（权重为40%），局计财处对拟推荐项目进行统计汇总，经局专题会议和局务会议讨论后确定立项计划。
第六章 项目公示
第二十条 市科技局通过新闻媒体、互联网向社会公开发布立项项目和承担单位（个人）名单，并实行公告异议期制度（异议期为两周），接受社会各界监督。局计财处对经公告无异议的项目进行统一编制，经分管市长审定后，召开市科技计划会议，下达年度计划。
第二十一条 立项审查未通过的项目，市科技局将在项目立项结束后，书面通知申请单位（个人）。
第二十二条 市科技局监察室受理社会对计划项目有关问题的投诉，并对立项或实施过程中有重大争议的项目进行调查，及时提出相应的处理意见；对有关机构、人员在项目申报、立项、实施、管理中出现的弄虚作假、玩忽职守、以权谋私的行为，提出行政处分意见；情节严重构成违法犯罪的，提交司法机关，依法追究其法律责任。
第七章 签订合同
第二十三条 在立项计划下达半个月内，局各业务处室负责通知项目承担单位（个人）签订计划项目合同书，并办理拨款手续。
第二十四条 市科技局建立计划项目数据库，加强对计划项目的管理，并通过新闻媒体、互联网的信息发布，实现科技计划资源和数据资源的共享。
第八章 附则
第二十五条 本实施细则自发布之日一个月后实施。
第二十六条 本实施细则由市科技局负责解释。
